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tm:chapter4 [d-m-Y H:i]
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 ====== Chapter 4  The Technology Behind ====== ====== Chapter 4  The Technology Behind ======
  
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   * Provide extension to further analyze a business model by comparing it to other models, applying patterns or evaluate it with a survey.   * Provide extension to further analyze a business model by comparing it to other models, applying patterns or evaluate it with a survey.
  
-> {{main026.gif}} Figure 4.1: Overview of both prototype’s architecture +Figure 4.1: Overview of both prototype’s architecture 
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 +{{ tm:proto_schemas.png?600 }}
  
 ===== 4.1  Prototype 1 ===== ===== 4.1  Prototype 1 =====
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 The data structure has been created in [[http://www.mysql.com/|MySQL]]. Then the data itself was quickly input through a web page built with [[http://cakephp.org/|CakePHP]] and its powerful scaffolding feature. The remainder of the code uses the predefined database access methods and conventions provided by the framework to generate HTML/CSS pages as well as XML call endpoints for the JavaScript queries. Most of the dynamic functionality is done via JavaScript with libraries like [http://extjs.com/|ext js]] and [[http://script.aculo.us/|script.aculo.us]] who call the aforementioned endpoints. The data structure has been created in [[http://www.mysql.com/|MySQL]]. Then the data itself was quickly input through a web page built with [[http://cakephp.org/|CakePHP]] and its powerful scaffolding feature. The remainder of the code uses the predefined database access methods and conventions provided by the framework to generate HTML/CSS pages as well as XML call endpoints for the JavaScript queries. Most of the dynamic functionality is done via JavaScript with libraries like [http://extjs.com/|ext js]] and [[http://script.aculo.us/|script.aculo.us]] who call the aforementioned endpoints.
  
-The data structure can be seen in figure [[#fig:prot1_db|4.229Prototype 1 database schemafigure.4.2]]. Product is the first name given to the layer feature before it was identified as such. Also in this version of the prototype there is a table for the building block, this allows for renaming of the blocks and provides the possibility to add new blocks for further evolutions of the model. This possibility has been replaced in the second prototype by the fact that a block is defined as an aggregation of sub classes of elements.+The data structure can be seen in figure 4.2. Product is the first name given to the layer feature before it was identified as such. Also in this version of the prototype there is a table for the building block, this allows for renaming of the blocks and provides the possibility to add new blocks for further evolutions of the model. This possibility has been replaced in the second prototype by the fact that a block is defined as an aggregation of sub classes of elements.
  
-> {{main027.gif}} Figure 4.2: Prototype 1 database schema +Figure 4.2: Prototype 1 database schema  
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 +{{ tm:proto1_db.png?600 }}
  
 ==== 4.1.2  Comments ==== ==== 4.1.2  Comments ====
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 Table [[#tbl:ums|4.132Comparison of user management systemstable.4.1]] displays four alternatives systems which can be used to implement user management. Scenarios range from simple to complex in their feature spread and implementation difficulty. Table [[#tbl:ums|4.132Comparison of user management systemstable.4.1]] displays four alternatives systems which can be used to implement user management. Scenarios range from simple to complex in their feature spread and implementation difficulty.
  
-> **Simple Profile** tableheader**Sharing** **Collaboration** tableheader Stateless Stateful tableheader User logs in to access his BMs User logs in to access his BMs User logs in to access his BMs User logs in to access his BMs No sharing (only uncontrolled through using same account twice) User can share his BM with other users User can share his BM with other users User can share his BM with other users Two users editing the same document will result in unknown behavior Two users editing the same document is impossible due to a lock system Edits on a BM will be sent to all other views connecting to the same BM **Like:** Desktop application profile, computer login **Like:** - **Like:** wiki, file access **Like:** google docs, chat **Impact:** a BM belongs to a user **Impact:** a BM has many users **Impact:** a BM has many users, a user can get a lock on a BM for editing **Impact:** a BM has many users, publish/subscribe messaging model, a message for each action **Use case:** used like an application, works in group if looking at one screen **Use case:** Use as central place for BM, sharing mainly usable for viewing A BM should have only one User with write permissions to minimize errors **Use case:** same as stateless, but multiple users can have write permissions due to lock security **Use case:** Online collaboration, without needing additional desktop sharing software except voice/chat comm. Message bus could be used to connect other editing views Table 4.1: Comparison of user management systems  
  
-**Options** ACL user and BM relation can be augmented with permissions (view, edit),groups. Components under the BM can be tracked separately (track annotations to a specific user, last edit on object by...) Table 4.2Options available for sharing and collaboration systems +|  Table 4.1: Comparison of user management systems   |||| 
 +**Simple Profile** ^ **Sharing** ^^ **Collaboration** ^ 
 +^  ^Stateless ^Stateful ^  ^ 
 +|User logs in to access his BMs |User logs in to access his BMs |User logs in to access his BMs |User logs in to access his BMs | 
 +|No sharing (only uncontrolled through using same account twice) |User can share his BM with other users |User can share his BM with other users |User can share his BM with other users | 
 +|  |Two users editing the same document will result in unknown behavior |Two users editing the same document is impossible due to a lock system |Edits on a BM will be sent to all other views connecting to the same BM | 
 +|**Like:** Desktop application profile, computer login |**Like:** - |**Like:** wiki, file access |**Like:** google docs, chat | 
 +|**Impact:** a BM belongs to a user |**Impact:** a BM has many users |**Impact:** a BM has many usersa user can get a lock on a BM for editing |**Impact:** a BM has many users, publish/subscribe messaging model, a message for each action | 
 +|**Use case:** used like an application, works in group if looking at one screen |**Use case:** Use as central place for BM, sharing mainly usable for viewing A BM should have only one User with write permissions to minimize errors |**Use case:** same as stateless, but multiple users can have write permissions due to lock security |**Use case:** Online collaboration, without needing additional desktop sharing software except voice/chat comm. Message bus could be used to connect other editing views |
  
 +|  Table 4.2: Options available for sharing and collaboration systems  |
 +^**Options** ^
 +|ACL user and BM relation can be augmented with permissions (view, edit),groups. Components under the BM can be tracked separately (track annotations to a specific user, last edit on object by...) |
  
 Since the user system was only added in the last iteration of the project only the simple stateless sharing options has been chosen. The choice was more about the ability to clean up the listing of the front page, which was becoming quite long, than to offer new possibilities. But because the model had already an edit and a view mode adding different permission was an easy task and has been implemented. Comment tracking was not implemented since it would have required too much code changes. Instead, a user can simply add his name to the comment itself if he wants to identify himself. Since the user system was only added in the last iteration of the project only the simple stateless sharing options has been chosen. The choice was more about the ability to clean up the listing of the front page, which was becoming quite long, than to offer new possibilities. But because the model had already an edit and a view mode adding different permission was an easy task and has been implemented. Comment tracking was not implemented since it would have required too much code changes. Instead, a user can simply add his name to the comment itself if he wants to identify himself.
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 ==== 4.3.3  Example Roundtrip of a Query ==== ==== 4.3.3  Example Roundtrip of a Query ====
  
-For this example, let’s take the action of creating a link between two elements. The action is decomposed into different events: first there is the drag operation, then the hover and the drop who will initiate an interaction with the server. Once the server responds, this will in turn initiate some actions on the client configuring the right data to be able to display the newly created link. For a more detailed description see figure and explanation in appendix [[#sec:link_call|C.382Detailed Example Roundtrip of a Querysection.C.3]].+For this example, let’s take the action of creating a link between two elements. The action is decomposed into different events: first there is the drag operation, then the hover and the drop who will initiate an interaction with the server. Once the server responds, this will in turn initiate some actions on the client configuring the right data to be able to display the newly created link. For a more detailed description see figure and explanation in [[tm:appendixc]].
  
 ===== 4.4  Problems Encountered ===== ===== 4.4  Problems Encountered =====
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 ==== 4.5.1  Web vs Desktop ==== ==== 4.5.1  Web vs Desktop ====
  
-Web applications and desktop applications both have their advantages and disadvantages. Most of the time, the advantages of one are the disadvantages of the other. A short overview of some respective advantages is given in table [[#tbl:tradeoff|4.335Advantages of the Web and the Desktop over each othertable.4.3]]. It is also noteworthy that the separation between web and desktop application is blurring. There exists on the one hand technologies to bring web applications to the desktop, and on the other hand features of web applications are directly integrated into desktop applications. For example, there is respectively the possibility to use Google docs in an offline mode, or to have Microsoft Office Live directly integrated into the Microsoft Office desktop applications.+Web applications and desktop applications both have their advantages and disadvantages. Most of the time, the advantages of one are the disadvantages of the other. A short overview of some respective advantages is given in table 4.3. It is also noteworthy that the separation between web and desktop application is blurring. There exists on the one hand technologies to bring web applications to the desktop, and on the other hand features of web applications are directly integrated into desktop applications. For example, there is respectively the possibility to use Google docs in an offline mode, or to have Microsoft Office Live directly integrated into the Microsoft Office desktop applications.
  
-**Web [advantages]** **Desktop (standalone) [advantages]** Multiplatform Offline work Without installation Response time (no delay between client-server) Always up to date Possibility to use older versions Social sharing Interaction with the desktop (D&D) Automated backup (server-side) Privacy Table 4.3: Advantages of the Web and the Desktop over each other +|  Table 4.3: Advantages of the Web and the Desktop over each other  || 
 +^**Web [advantages]** ^**Desktop (standalone) [advantages]** 
 +|Multiplatform |Offline work 
 +|Without installation |Response time (no delay between client-server) 
 +|Always up to date |Possibility to use older versions 
 +|Social sharing |Interaction with the desktop (D&D) 
 +|Automated backup (server-side) |Privacy |
  
 ==== 4.5.2  Client-Server ==== ==== 4.5.2  Client-Server ====
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 ==== 4.7.1  Traditional Methods ==== ==== 4.7.1  Traditional Methods ====
  
-**Object serialization:** allows simple saving of a graph of objects, but does not allow easy retrieval of only parts of it, plus it prevents the evolution of objects.\\ \\ **Relational database:** provides a good way to store data, but is heavily dependent on its schema.\\ \\ **Object Relational Mapping:** allows storing objects in a relational database in order to level the limitations of serialization, but the limitations of the relational database remains. In addition, there is the added complexity of mapping the objects to tables.\\ \\ **Schema evolution:** In an attempt to solve the limitation of schema evolution, there exist solutions of change tracking and migration of schema like [[http://www.liquibase.org/|liquidebase]]. Efficiency of such solutions has yet to be proven.+**Object serialization:** allows simple saving of a graph of objects, but does not allow easy retrieval of only parts of it, plus it prevents the evolution of objects. 
 + 
 +**Relational database:** provides a good way to store data, but is heavily dependent on its schema. 
 + 
 +**Object Relational Mapping:** allows storing objects in a relational database in order to level the limitations of serialization, but the limitations of the relational database remains. In addition, there is the added complexity of mapping the objects to tables. 
 + 
 +**Schema evolution:** In an attempt to solve the limitation of schema evolution, there exist solutions of change tracking and migration of schema like [[http://www.liquibase.org/|liquidebase]]. Efficiency of such solutions has yet to be proven.
  
 ==== 4.7.2  Non-conventional methods ==== ==== 4.7.2  Non-conventional methods ====
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 The question, if in this world of complexity, change and reuse of services, the relational database still is a good solution to guarantee data structure and persistence, remains. The question, if in this world of complexity, change and reuse of services, the relational database still is a good solution to guarantee data structure and persistence, remains.
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